2012, №4

сс. 16-28

Hydrogenation of bitumen in supercritical water flow and effect of zinc addition

2012, №4

сс. 16-28

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O.N. Fedyaeva, A.A. Vostrikov, M.Ya. Sokol, N.I. Fedorova

Key words: bitumen, supercritical water, hydrogenation, desulphurization, ZnO nanoparticles

The composition of liquid and volatile products and residue of bitumen conversion in supercritical water (SCW) flow at 400 °C and 30 MPa with and without addition of zinc shavings to bitumen is investigated. The yield of liquid products at bitumen SCW conversion reaches 47.3 %. The data on oxygen and hydrogen balance in the initial bitumen, products, and conversion residue indicate the chemical participation of Н2О molecules in the conversion. The yield of liquid products is increased up to 62.3 % if zinc is added to the initial bitumen at simultaneous increase of Н/С atomic ratio in the products. Hydrogenation is due to a hydrogen evolution during zinc oxidation by supercritical water. Under these conditions ZnO nanoparticles of 50—100 nm size are formed. The data of transmission electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of oxidized zinc demonstrate the presence of about 0.5 % wt. of ZnS and about 1.2 % wt. of metal zinc clusters (up to 10 nm size) in the samples. According to the sulfur atoms balance accounting products and conversion residue, 12.6 % wt. of bitumen sulfur participates in the formation of zinc sulfide.

doi:10.1134/S1990793113070075