Key words: swine manure, chicken manure, biofuel, sub- and supercritical water, liquefaction, carbonization, gasification, oxidation
Treatment of swine and poultry manure (waste of hazard class III) with water at parameters above its critical point (T > 374 °C, P > 22.1 MPa) is considered as one of the promising methods for their environmentally friendly processing. The works devoted to liquefaction, carbonization, and gasification of swine and chicken manure in sub- and supercritical water are analyzed. The problems associated with the practical implementation of waste processing in supercritical water-oxygen fluid are discussed. Their source is, first of all, the high cost of compressed oxygen, the heterogeneous composition of the wastes and the presence of solid particles an them, precipitation of salts and corrosion of structural materials. It is shown that due to the high water content in the wastes and the low calorific value of the organic matter contained in them, the practical implementation of the process in autothermal conditions will require the use of additional fuel.
doi:10.34984/SCFTP.2022.17.2.003
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Disposal of watered toxic waste of pig and poultry rearing in sub- and supercritical water / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – С. 3-23. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Pererabotka obvodnennyh toksichnyh v sub- i sverhkriticheskoj vode / – Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – S. 3-23. - DOI:
En
Disposal of watered toxic waste of pig and poultry rearing in sub- and supercritical water. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 2, 3-23 (2022). https://doi.org/
Key words: common juniper, supercritical fluid extraction, terpenes, pigments, liquefied gases, essential oil
The paper presents the results of studying the efficiency of the extraction of the terpene fraction from the tree greenery of common juni per (Juni perus Communis L.) by suband supercritical extraction methods in comparison with traditional methods. The influence of extraction parameters on the qualitative composition of extracts is studied. Identification of the components of the obtained extracts was carried out by chromatography mass spectrometry. It was found that the qualitative compositions of the studied extracts are similar, but they differ significantly in the ratio of the groups of components. It is shown that the greatest extraction of monoterpenes is facilitated by butane extraction under subcritical conditions and hydrodistillation.
doi:10.34984/SCFTP.2022.17.2.001
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Extraction of terpenes of juniperus communis tree greenery under sub- and supercritical conditions / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – С. 24-36. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Izvlechenie terpenov drevesnoj zeleni mozhzhevel'nika obyknovennogo v usloviyah sub- i sverhkriticheskih vozdejstvij / – Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – S. 24-36. - DOI:
En
Extraction of terpenes of juniperus communis tree greenery under sub- and supercritical conditions. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 2, 24-36 (2022). https://doi.org/
Key words: critical phenomena, Widom line, optical diagnostic methods, pair correlation function
A fundamental problem of optical diagnostics of the supercritical fluid structure and its statistical properties in the vicinity of the Widom line is considered. To perform the diagnostic procedure one needs some techniques to build the connection between the peculiarities of optical measurement data to the peculiarities of fluid state. A brief review of the results obtained over the past 10 years on the problem of Widom lines in nonpolar supercritical media is presented. Data on the measurements of the nonlinear refractive index and on the Rayleigh light scattering intensity in the region of the Widom line in CO2 is considered in detail. It is demonstrated that these data can serve as the basis for reci procally complementary methods for optical diagnostics of supercritical fluid state. As an example, a small angle light scattering data were used to find the pair correlation function of supercritical CO2. The temperature dependence of the latter differs fundamentally from the temperature dependence of the Ornstein—Zernike pair correlation function. It is noted that the method based on the measuring of the Rayleigh scattering intensity is of a general nature and it can be applied to any random molecular media, including the planet atmosphere.
doi:10.34984/SCFTP.2022.17.2.002
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
On the possibilities of optical methods for diagnosing the state of a supercritical fluid near the Widom line / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – С. 37-54. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
O vozmozhnostyah opticheskih metodov diagnostiki sostoyaniya sverhkriticheskogo flyuida vblizi linii Uidoma / – Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – S. 37-54. - DOI:
En
On the possibilities of optical methods for diagnosing the state of a supercritical fluid near the Widom line. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 2, 37-54 (2022). https://doi.org/
Key words: graphite oxide, membrane, spin probe, supercritical carbon dioxide
A nitroxide spin probe was introduced into graphite oxide membranes from a solution in supercritical carbon dioxide in various modes. It is shown that a slow release of pressure makes it possible to introduce the probe without disturbing the orientational order of the graphene layers, that is, without disturbing the internal structure of the membrane.
doi:10.34984/SCFTP.2022.17.2.004
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Introduction of spin probes into graphite oxide membranes using supercritical carbon dioxide / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – С. 55-63. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Vvedenie spinovyh zondov v membrany iz oksida grafita s pomoshch'yu sverhkriticheskogo dioksida ugleroda / – Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – S. 55-63. - DOI:
En
Introduction of spin probes into graphite oxide membranes using supercritical carbon dioxide. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 2, 55-63 (2022). https://doi.org/
Key words: supercritical extraction, essential oil, Satureja hortensis L., gcms, component content
A comparative estimation of the component composition of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracts obtained at different thermodynamic parameters and the essential oil of Satureja hortensis L. reveals the differences in the content of separate components. It is determined that the CK-CO2 extract yield at 30 MPa (3.718 %) is more 2 times higher than at 10 MPa (1.792 %) and the essential oil content (1.75 %). The main components are а-Thujene, Myrcene, а-Terpinene, ï-Cymene, У-Terpinene, Thymoquinone, Thymol, Carvacrol, (E)-Caryophyllene, 3-Bisabolene, n-Hexadecanoicacid, methyllinolenate, n-Triacontane. Besides the aforesaid substances,in the extract obtained at 30 MPa and 50 °C there are found 3-cis-Terpineol, Neophytadiene, Hexadecanoicacid, Linoleic, methyllinolenate, n-Pentacosane, n-Hexacosane, n-Nonacosane and Squalene.
doi:10.34984/SCFTP.2022.17.2.005
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
The dependence of the component composition of satureja hortensis l. extract on the pressure of the supercritical CO2 extraction process / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – С. 64-74. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Zavisimost' komponentnogo sostava ekstrakta chabera sadovogo ot davleniya processa sverhkriticheskoj SO2-ekstrakcii / – Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – S. 64-74. - DOI:
En
The dependence of the component composition of satureja hortensis l. extract on the pressure of the supercritical CO2 extraction process. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 2, 64-74 (2022). https://doi.org/
Key words: ceria-zirconia, solvothermal synthesis, isopropanol, methane dry reforming
Single-phase Ce—Zr-oxides with fluorite structure were synthesized by the solvothermal method in an isopropanol medium at parameters exceeding the critical ones for isopropanol. The influence of synthesis parameters on the characteristics of the obtained materials (specific surface area, morphology, particle size, phase composition) was established. 5 wt. % Ni or 5 wt. % Ni+Co (1:1 by wieght) were deposited by incipient wetness impregnation. The structure and properties of samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen, and relationships between the sample composition and catalytic performance (CH4 and CO2 conversion, hydrogen yield and H2/CO ratio) in dry reforming of methane (DRM) were investigated. The effect of the deposited metal component composition and Ce/Zr ratio in the support on the catalytic activity and stability during the DRM process was demonstrated.
doi:10.34984/SCFTP.2022.17.2.006
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Ni and Ni-Co catalysts of carbon dioxide conversion of methane based on mixed Ce-Zg oxides obtained in isopropanol medium / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – С. 75-84. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Ni i Ni-So katalizatory uglekislotnoj konversii metana na osnove smeshannyh Se-2g-oksidov, poluchennyh v srede izopropanola pri sverhkriticheskih parametrah / – Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2022. – Т. 17. – № 2. – S. 75-84. - DOI:
En
Ni and Ni-Co catalysts of carbon dioxide conversion of methane based on mixed Ce-Zg oxides obtained in isopropanol medium. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 2, 75-84 (2022). https://doi.org/