Key words: heavy oil, supercritical water-oxygen fluid, activated carbon, oxidation, heat release
The composition of oily fractions (OFs) obtained at the heavy sulfur-rich oil conversion is studied by means of physical and chemical methods of analysis. The oil was supplied from the top into the vertical tubular reactor packed with activated carbon (AC), where supercritical water-oxygen fluid was pumped from the bottom through the AC bed. The experiment was performed at 30 MPa, temperature of upper, middle and bottom parts of the reactor equal to 673, 723 and 723 K, variable flow rate of oxygen (0—3.5 g/min) and constant flow rate of oil and water (4 and 6 g/min, respectively). Based on the temporal trends in the reactor wall temperature and the power of resistance heaters it is revealed that due to heat generation during the combustion of oil high-molecular components, accumulated in the AC bed, the conversion process occurs in autothermal mode. The movement of the combustion front along the reactor axis is detected. It is shown that isoprenoids and normal alkanes, 1-alkyl-2,3,6- trimethylbenzenes, alkyl-derivatives of benzo- and dibenzothiophenes are the main components of the crude oil OF. The yield of OFs, whose portion in the liquid products exceeds 90 %, has an extreme dependence on the oxygen flow rate. As the latter increases and the temperature of the reaction mixture rises due to a heat generation upon combustion, the relative content of bi- and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons alkylderivatives, as well as benzo- and dibenzothiophenes in the OFs of conversion products increases too. The content of fractions boiling at T < 493 K in the OFs of the conversion product increases by 2—3 times compared to the crude oil OF.
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Composition of Oil Fractions Obtained in Conjugated Processes of Heavy Sulfur-Rich Oil Thermolysis and Activated Carbon Oxidation by Supercritical Water-Oxygen Fluid / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – С. 3-19. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Sostav maslyanyh frakcij, poluchennyh pri sopryazhennyh processah termoliza tyazheloj vysokosernistoj nefti i okisleniya aktivirovannogo uglya sverhkriticheskim vodokislorodnym flyuidom / – Tekst : neposredstvennyj // Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – S. 3-19. - DOI:
En
Composition of Oil Fractions Obtained in Conjugated Processes of Heavy Sulfur-Rich Oil Thermolysis and Activated Carbon Oxidation by Supercritical Water-Oxygen Fluid. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 3, 3-19 (2017). https://doi.org/
Key words: film composite, cadmium selenide, nanocrystalline silicon, diffusion implantation, luminescent properties, fiber matrix
A method to produce film composites based on the tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride fiber copolymer using diffusion implantation of nanoparticles dispersed in a supercritical (SC) carbon dioxide CO2 medium has been developed. At the final stage of the formation of such materials, a cold or hot pressing of impregnated porous films is applied. The effect of treatment in SC-CO2 on the surface structure of pressed films is discussed. The materials containing nanoparticles of semiconductors (cadmium selenide and nanocrystalline silicon) whose radiation covers a range of 500—1000 nm are obtained. Their luminescent characteristics under the laser excitation (irradiation wavelength 405 nm) are presented.
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Luminescent Composites Based on Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer Porous Films Produced by Introduction of Semiconductor Nanoparticles in Supercritical Medium / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – С. 20-31. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Lyuminesciruyushchie kompozity na osnove poristyh plenok sopolimera tetraftoretilena, poluchennye s pomoshch'yu diffuzionnogo vnedreniya poluprovodnikovyh nanochastic v SKF srede / – Tekst : neposredstvennyj // Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – S. 20-31. - DOI:
En
Luminescent Composites Based on Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer Porous Films Produced by Introduction of Semiconductor Nanoparticles in Supercritical Medium. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 3, 20-31 (2017). https://doi.org/
Key words: aerosilica, adsorption of carbon dioxide, amino-functionalization
Mesoporous silica gel samples, including those functionalized with amino groups, were prepared using sol-gel synthesis followed by drying in supercritical carbon dioxide. Relationshi ps between the conditions of preparation and modification of the silica sample and their textural and adsorptive properties are established. The obtained porous materials are considered as promising adsorbents for the recovery of carbon dioxide from gas media.
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Adsorption Properties of Aerosilicagels Obtained by Drying in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – С. 32-39. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Adsorbcionnye svojstva aerosilikagelej, poluchennyh sushkoj v srede sverhkriticheskogo dioksida ugleroda / – Tekst : neposredstvennyj // Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – S. 32-39. - DOI:
En
Adsorption Properties of Aerosilicagels Obtained by Drying in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 3, 32-39 (2017). https://doi.org/
Key words: polymers, porosity, supercritical fluids, subcritical freons, carbon dioxide
For the first time the treatment of polystyrene in sub- and supercritical freon media in comparison with supercritical carbon dioxide was studied. Subcritical freon R22 can more efficiently saturate polystyrene than subcritical freon R410а and supercritical freon R23 and carbon dioxide. The subsequent heating of polystyrene samples saturated with R22 freon leads to the formation of the polymer with connected porous structure and average pore size up to 250 μm. The results obtained can be used in the development of technologies for porous polystyrene production.
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Polystyrene Treatment in Sub- and Supercritical Media / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – С. 40-49. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Obrabotka polistirola v sub- i sverhkriticheskih sredah / – Tekst : neposredstvennyj // Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – S. 40-49. - DOI:
En
Polystyrene Treatment in Sub- and Supercritical Media. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 3, 40-49 (2017). https://doi.org/
Key words: supercritical fluids, micronization, polymerization, polymer microparticles, functional powder coatings, market forecast
This review analyzes the studies and developments of technologies based on the use of supercritical fluids for micronization of polymer particles and formation of efficient powder polymer coatings. Potential advantages of supercritical fluid technologies that combine different stages of powder coating formation in a unified flowsheet are considered. Possible further trends in the scientific and engineering research are identified. The growth of powder coatings global market in perspective to the year 2020 is forecasted.
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Development of Functional Polymer Coatings Using Supercritical Fluids: Technologies, Markets, Prospects / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – С. 50-69. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Sozdanie funkcional'nyh polimernyh pokrytij s ispol'zovaniem sverhkriticheskih flyuidov: tekhnologii, rynki, perspektivy razvitiya / – Tekst : neposredstvennyj // Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – S. 50-69. - DOI:
En
Development of Functional Polymer Coatings Using Supercritical Fluids: Technologies, Markets, Prospects. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 3, 50-69 (2017). https://doi.org/
Key words: structured hydrogels, matrixes, laser stereolithography, supercritical carbon dioxide
Hydrogel matrix structures (matrixes) based on the allyl-substituted chitosan derivatives are formed using the laser stereolithography. The effects of their processing in the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) onto the surface polarity and mechanical characteristics are studied. It is found that such treatment of matrixes in the flow regime increases the mechanical strength due to an efficient extraction of low molecular weight components and oligomers from the material. In addition, the processing in the SC-CO2 decreases the surface polarity and, as a result, improves the biocompatibility of the material. The hydrogel matrixes treated in the SC-CO2 have no cytotoxic effect and are prospective materials for tissue engineering.
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ГОСТ
7.0.100-2018
Supercritical Fluid Treatment of Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Matrixes Synthesized from Allilchitosan Using Laser Stereolithography / – Текст : непосредственный // Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – С. 70-81. - DOI:
TRANSLIT
Sverhkriticheskaya flyuidnaya obrabotka trekhmernyh gidrogelevyh matriksov, poluchennyh iz allilhitozana metodom lazernoj stereolitografii / – Tekst : neposredstvennyj // Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika.. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 3. – S. 70-81. - DOI:
En
Supercritical Fluid Treatment of Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Matrixes Synthesized from Allilchitosan Using Laser Stereolithography. Sverhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 3, 70-81 (2017). https://doi.org/