2012, №1

сс. 64-88

Destruction of hazardous organic substances in supercritical water

2012, №1

сс. 64-88

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O.N. Fedyaeva, A.A. Vostrikov

Key words: supercritical water, hazardous organic substances, kinetics and mechanism of oxidation, tubular reactors, corrosion

The  studies aimed at the environmentally benign destruction of hazardous organic  substances (OS) and wastes via their oxidation in supercritical water (SCW) are  reviewed. The advantage of SCW application is the capability of complete and  rapid oxidation of OS in closed systems. The rate of oxidation is determined by  temperature, OS to SCW and oxidant ratios, bond strengths in molecules of OS,  their solubility in SCW and decreased in a sequence of aliphatic > aromatic,  heterocyclic > polycyclic aromatic substances. The main products of  oxidation are CO2, H2O and N2; sulfur,  phosphorus and halogens are converted into corresponding mineral acids. Still,  there are several difficulties in practical implementation of particular  processes on industrial scale and related to the achievement of acceptable  endurance, sustained and accident- free operation of SCW oxidation units.  Heterogeneous processes on reactor walls result in negative phenomena, such as  corrosion of constructional materials, precipitation and deposition of salts,  and, as consequence, in the varied with time on stream kinetics of the main and  conjugated reactions.

doi:10.1134/S1990793112070044