Key words: critical fluid, gravity field, fluctuation structure
The mechanism of the physical processes underlying the wide practical use of the
unique properties of the substance in critical condition — critical fluid (CF) in the
up-to-date technologies. In view of the fluctuation theory of phase transitions (FTPT)
these mechanisms are certainly related to fluctuation structure of critical fluid defining
its equilibrium and kinetic properties. Such structural characteristics of critical fluid
are: the value of the correlation radius Rc system, the number of fluctuations of the
order parameter
Nф∼Rc-3
in one mole of critical fluid, the size of the fluctuation part of the thermodynamic potential
FФ*=NфkTк/(PкVк)=C0Rc-3.
In the work of these
structural characteristics of critical fluid have been investigated by experimental data
of the gravitational effect: high-altitude and temperature dependences of dependences
of scattered light intensity I(z, t) in heterogeneous substance n-pentane near the
critical temperature of evaporation. Using these results and literature data on the processes
of formation Al2O3 nanoparticles using CF-H2O, speeds of distribution of molecules of
substance are estimated – vf ≈ 106 cm/s in the formation and decay of fluctuations of
the order parameter. It has been concluded, that such high speed of molecules of a
substance due to the unique properties of the critical fluid in their practical use in a
number of technological processes.
doi:10.1134/S1990793115070027