Key words: water, water fluid, parameters of state, temperature, density, ideal gas, incompressible liquid, supercritical fluid, solubility, dielectric constant, ionic product
The influence of state parameters on the properties of water fluids is analyzed from the
point of view of their correspondence to simple models of an ideal gas and an incompressible
liquid. The main characteristics of the areas, in which the physical state of the fluid
qualitatively differ, have been determined as (1) rarefied steam; (2) «before-critical» water,
(3) sub-critical water; (4) dense steam; (5) supercritical fluid; (6) gas close to ideal. The
boundaries of these regions are set by the values of temperature and density, which determine
the ratio of the energies of thermal motion and intermolecular interactions. The areas of
practical utilization of water fluids depending on the density, dielectric constant and ionic
product, which determine their properties as a solvent, reaction medium, reactant, and
catalyst for various types of processes, are briefly characterized.
doi:10.1134/S1990793121070137