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2008, №3

сс. 3-12

Reviews

Inactivation of Microorganisms Using Supercritical CO2

A.V. Suslov, I.N. Suslova, B.F. Yarovoy, A.Yu. Shadrin, A.A. Murzin, N.V. Sapozhnikova, A.A. Lumpov, A.S. Dormidonova.

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Key words: supercritical CO2, inactivation, sterilization, microorganisms

The studies, in which the possibility of utilization of compressed CO2 as an environmentfriendly
        («green») alternative sterilizing agent is demonstrated, are reviewed. Also,
        suggested in literature mechanisms of inactivating action of CO2 onto various
        microorganisms are analyzed as influenced by various operation factors such as pressure,
        temperature, duration, type of microbes, and treated material.

2008, №3

сс. 13-29

Articles

Key words: regular equation of state, scaling, crossover function, critical point, approximation of Р-ρ-Т data, helium, sulfur hexafluoride

A new joint equation of state (EOS) is proposed to describe the Р-ρ-Т data on 4Не and
  SF6 in a wide range of densities -1 < Δρ < 1,
  where Δρ = (ρ-ρc)/ρc, and reduced tempe
  ratures -0,3 < τ < 0,3, where τ = (T - Tc)/Tc,
  including the critical region. A dimensionless joint EOS is written in terms of explicit
  functions of Δρ and τ, and includes a regular
  part that approximates experimental data beyond a critical region, a nonparametric scaling
  equation of state which adequately describes the P-&rho-T data near critical
  points and a crossover function that smoothly combines these two equations of state. A crossover
  function is proposed as a classical exponential function, which reduces the influence of
  density and temperature fluctuations typical for a critical region and damping at
  increasing distance from the critical point. Two various equations of state were taken
  as a regular part of the joint EOS: 1) a new cubic EOS proposed in this work with five
  system-dependent fitting constants, three of which are conjugated by conditions in a
  critical point; 2) a physically valid Kaplun Meshalkin EOS with seven fitting constants
  (three of which are also related to critical conditions) to describe the data within the
  above limits, including liquid state. As a scaling part of EOS, a nonparametric scaling
  equation of state (as an explicit function of reduced variables Dr and t with three  
  system-dependent constants) suggested by authors is used. In the joint EOS, like in
  classical equations of state, the (∂P/∂v)T=0,
  and (∂2P/∂v2)T=0  
  conditions are satisfied in a critical point and binodal and spinodal are present.
  Approximation of the most accurate data for 4Не and SF6 by the new
  joint EOS indicates that this equation correctly describes the Р-ρ-Т data
  within error ranges of ±0,5% with respect to pressure.

2008, №3

сс. 30-38

Articles

Key words: scattering, supercritical media, intensity fluctuations, scattering anisotropy

The results of experimental studies of static and dynamic scattering of  laser light in CO2 under the conditions of transition from supercritical to gas phase with the  cooling rate 4 x 10-4 degree/sec are presented. It  is found that both angular light distribution and first order spectral momentum  of fluctuations of forward scattered light intensity are changed  insignificantly when critical parameter of media is changed in the interval 0 < |T/Tc - 1| ≤ 5 x 10-5. The increase of  critical parameter |T/Tc - 1| > 5 x 10-5 causes the reduction of  scattered light intensity and the rise of first order spectral momentum of  intensity fluctuations. Such behavior assumes the existence of «metastable»  ensemble of slowly changed in size scattered centers.

2008, №3

сс. 39-47

Articles

Key words: supercritical fluid extraction, oil-bearing crops, laboratory unit, numerical modeling, optimal regime of extraction

The description of the laboratory unit for supercritical fluid extraction of ground oilbearing
        crops seeds in their granular layer is given. The data of laboratory measurements
        is utilized for calibration of mathematical model of the process. The numerical form
        of the model allows one to scale-up the experimental results and to determine the
        optimal parameters of technological process.

2008, №3

сс. 48-53

Articles

Key words: lanoline, raw lanoline, wool wax, supercritical carbon dioxide, co-solvent, acidic number

Effects of pressure and addition of modifiers (co-solvents) onto the yield and acidity
        of raw lanoline (wool wax) obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2)
        extraction from Kazakh merino wool are studied. It is demonstrated that the use of
        pure SC-CO2 at pressures above 50 MPa is optimal to improve the quality of this semiproduct.

2008, №3

сс. 54-70

Articles

Development of Method for Components Isolation from Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) Seeds Using Modern Extraction Procedures

D.Yu. Zalepugin, V.A. Bykov, G.I. Klimakhin, N.A. Tilkunova, V.S. Mishin, I.V. Chernyshova, Yu.S. Yashin, I.S. Demin.

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Key words: Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Accelerated Solvent Extraction, Oenothera biennis L., Evening Primrose, Gas Chromatography, Gas Cromatography-Mass- Spectrometry

For the first time the procedure for isolation of oil from Evening Primrose seeds using
        carbon dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extraction has been proposed. The process parameters
        as a function of pressure and temperature were studied. Qualitative and quantitative analysis
        of oil has been performed. The proposed method permits to produce oil of high quality
        without any traces of organic solvents which is ready for practical use excluding additional

        processing. In addition, the method of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (isopropanol) was
        used to utilize residual grist, which allows to isolate polar polyphenolic fraction.

2008, №3

сс. 71-74

Articles

Extraction of Glycerrizinic Acid from Licorice Root in Subcritical Water

K.S. Tikhomirova, R.N. Borisenko, E.V. Vetrova, S.N. Borisenko, E.V. Maksimenko, N.I. Borisenko, V.I. Minkin.

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Key words: subcritical water, glycerrizinic acid, licorice root

A procedure for extraction of licorice root by subcritical water aimed at obtaining a
        glycerrizinic acid based biologically active extract is developed. A high efficiency of
        this procedure as compared with that of a traditional method in which an organic
        solvent (acetone) is used as an extracting agent is demonstrated.

2008, №3

сс. 75-78

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